ASCE Standard ASCE/EWRI 44-05 Standard Practice for the Design and Operation of Supercooled Fog Dispersal Projects

CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Historical Review of Supercooled Fog Dispersal Operations 1

1.2 The Status of Supercooled Fog Dispersal Technology 2

1.2.1 American Society of Civil Engineers 2

1.2.2 Weather Modification Association 3

1.2.3 American Meteorological Society 3

1.2.4 World Meteorological Organization 3

2.0 FOG CHARACTERISTICS 3

2.1 Fog Droplet Characteristics 4

2.2 Fog Characteristics as Applied to Fog Dispersal Operations 6

2.3 Seeding Strategy for Dispersing Supercooled Fogs 7

3.0 THE DESIGN OF SUPERCOOLED FOG DISPERSAL PROJECTS 8

3.1 Project Scope 8

3.1.1 Basic project area concepts 8

3.1.2 Initial design considerations 9

3.2 Delivery Methods 9

3.2.1 Airborne projects 10

3.2.2 Ground-based projects 12

3.3 Seeding Agent Selection 12

3.3.1 Dry ice, liquid propane, and liquid nitrogen 12

3.3.2 Quality control of seeding agents 13

3.4 Targeting and Delivery Considerations 13

3.5 Experience and Training 15

3.6 Seeding Suspension Criteria 15

3.7 Legal, Environmental, and Social Considerations 15

4.0 SUPERCOOLED FOG DISPERSAL OPERATIONS 16

4.1 Operations Manual 16

4.2 Personnel Requirements 16

4.2.1 Meteorological Staff 17

4.2.2 Support Personnel 17

4.2.3 Cloud Treatment Pilots 17

4.2.4 Direction of Operations 17

4.3 Operational Decision Making 17

4.4 Communications 18

4.5 Public Relations/Information/Involvement/Safety Considerations 18

5.0 EVALUATION OF SUPERCOOLED FOG DISPERSAL PROJECTS 19

6.0 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND TERMS 20

7.0 REFERENCES 23

8.0 CONVERSION TABLES 26

INDEX 29