Car Park Designers’ Handbook – Second Edition

Contents About the authors ix
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Glossary of terms xv
Acknowledgements xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Historical note 1
1.2 Advice and guidance 2
1.3 Scope 2
1.4 Design flexibility 2
2 Design brief 5
2.1 The client 5
2.2 The brief 5
3 Design elements 7
3.1 The Standard Design Vehicle (SDV) 7
3.2 Left, right or in the middle? 9
3.3 Parking categories 9
3.4 Aisle widths 10
3.5 Ramps and access-ways 13
3.6 Kerbs 22
3.7 Super-elevation 24
3.8 Parking deck gradients 24
3.9 Headroom and storey heights 24
3.10 Height limitations 24
4 Dynamic considerations 27
4.1 Discussion 27
5 Static considerations 31
5.1 Static efficiency: discussion 31
6 Circulation design 35
6.1 Discussion 35
6.2 How many levels? 35
6.3 Roof considerations 36
6.4 Circulation efficiency 36
6.5 Parking times 37
7 Circulation layouts 39
7.1 Discussion 39
7.2 Dimensions used 39
7.3 User-friendly features 39
7.4 Angled and right-angled parking, a comparison 40
7.5 Split-level decks (SLD) 41
7.6 Sloping parking decks (SD) 53
7.7 Flat and sloping deck layouts (FSD) 67
7.8 Combined flat and sloping deck layouts with internal
cross ramps (VCM, FSDR and WPD) 70
7.9 Flat parking decks with storey height internal ramps
(FIR) 84
7.10 Minimum dimension layouts (MD) 91
7.11 Circular sloping decks (CSD) 103
7.12 Half-external ramps (HER) 106
7.13 External ramps (ER) 111
8 Stairs and lifts 121
8.1 Discussion 121
8.2 Vertical and horizontal escape 122
8.3 Escape distances 123
8.4 Lift sizing 124
9 Disabled drivers and access assistants 129
9.1 Discussion 129
9.2 Stall locations 130
9.3 Stall dimensions 130
9.4 Access 131
10 Bicycles and motorcycles 133
10.1 Discussion 133
10.2 Bicycle parking 133
10.3 Motorcycle parking 133
10.4 Lockers 136
10.5 Fiscal control 136
11 Security 137
11.1 Discussion 137
11.2 Lighting, music and CCTV 138
11.3 See and be seen 139
11.4 Full bay surveillance 139
11.5 Ground-level enclosure 139
11.6 Women-only car parks 140
12 Underground and robotic parking 141
12.1 Discussion 141
13 Lighting 145
13.1 Discussion 145
13.2 Zoning 146
13.3 Emergency lighting 146
14 Signage 147
14.1 Discussion 147
14.2 Directional signs 147
14.3 Information signs 149
14.4 Variable message sign systems 149
14.5 Emergency signs 149
15 Drainage 151
16 Fire escapes, safety and fire fighting 155
16.1 Discussion 155
16.2 Means of escape 156
16.3 Fire safety 156
16.4 Fire-fighting measures 157
16.5 Sprinklers 157
16.6 Fire escapes 157
17 Fiscal and barrier control 159
17.1 Discussion 159
17.2 Control systems 159
17.3 Barrier control 161
18 Ventilation 163
18.1 Discussion 163
18.2 Natural ventilation requirements 163
18.3 Mechanically assisted natural ventilation requirements 163
18.4 Mechanical ventilation requirements 163
19 Structure 167
19.1 Discussion 167
19.2 Design criteria 168
19.3 Stability 168
19.4 Robustness 168
19.5 Edge protection 168
19.6 Fire protection 168
19.7 Vibration 169
19.8 Durability 169
19.9 Common forms of structure 169
20 Appearance 173
20.1 Discussion 173
20.2 Appearance requirements 174
21 Appendix A 177
22 References 179
Index 181