Designers’ Guide to Eurocode 9: Design of Aluminium Structures EN1999-1-1 and -1-4

Contents
Preface v
Aims and objectives of this guide v
Layout of this guide v
Commentary v
Acknowledgements v
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 General 5
1.1 Scope 5
1.2 Normative references 6
1.3 Assumptions 6
1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules 6
1.5 Terms and definitions 6
1.6 Symbols 6
1.7 Conventions for member axes 7
1.8 Specification for execution of the work 7
Chapter 2 Basis of design 9
2.1 Requirements 9
2.2 Principles of limit state design 9
2.3 Basic variables 9
2.4 Verification by the partial factor method 9
2.5 Design assisted by testing 10
Chapter 3 Materials 11
3.1 General 11
3.2 Structural aluminium 11
3.3 Connecting devices 12
Chapter 4 Durability 15
Chapter 5 Structural analysis 17
5.1 Structural modelling 17
5.2 Global analysis 17
5.3 Imperfections 18
5.4 Methods of analysis 19
Chapter 6 Ultimate limit states 21
6.1 Basis 21
6.2 Resistance of cross-sections 27
Example 6.1: tension resistance of a bar with bolt holes and an attachment 32
Example 6.2: resistance of an I cross-section in compression 33
Example 6.3: resistance of a class 4 hollow section in compression 35
Example 6.4: bending moment resistance of a class I cross-section 41
Example 6.5: bending moment resistance of a class 3 cross-section 42
Example 6.6: bending moment resistance of a class 4 cross-section 44
Example 6.7: bending moment resistance of a welded member with a
transverse weld 46
Example 6.8: cross-section resistance under combined bending and shear 52
Example 6.9: cross-section resistance of a square hollow section under
combined bending and compression 59
6.3 Buckling resistance of members 61
Example 6,10: buckling resistance of a compression member 65
Example 6.11: buckling resistance of a member with a stepwise variable
cross-section 67
Example 6.12: lateral torsional buckling resistance 72
Example 6.13: a member under major axis bending and compression 82
Example 6.14: lateral torsional buckling of a member in bi-axis bending
and compression 84
6.4 Uniform built-up compression members 92
6.5 Unstiffened plates under in-plane loading 95
Example 6.15: resistance of an unstiffened plate under axial compression 97
6.6 Stiffened plates under in-plane loading 98
Example 6.16: resistance of an orthotropic plate under axial compression 102
6.7 Plate girders 104
6.8 Members with corrugated webs 119
Example 6.17: plate girder in shear, bending and concentrated forces 121
References 127
Chapter 7 Serviceability limit states 129
7.1 General 129
7.2 Serviceability limit states for buildings 130
Example 7.1: vertical deflection of a beam 132
References 134
Chapter 8 Design of joints 135
8.1 Basis of design 135
8.2 Intersection for bolted, riveted and welded joints 136
8.3 Joints loaded in shear subject to impact, vibration and/or
load reversal 136
8.4 Classification of joints 136
8.5 Connections made with bolts, rivets and pins 136
Example 8.1: bolted connection 151
8.6 Welded connections 154
8.7 Hybrid connections 158
8.8 Adhesive-bonded connections 158
8.9 Other joining methods 158
Example 8.2: welded connection between a diagonal and a chord member 159
References 160
Chapter 9 Annexes to EN 1999-1-1 161
9.1 Annex A – reliability differentiation 161
9.2 Annex B – equivalent T stub in tension 163
Example 9.1: resistance of equivalent T-stub 164
9.3 Annex C – material selection 166
9.4 Annex D – corrosion and surface protection 167
9.5 Annex E – analytical models for stress-strain relationships 168
Example 9.2: value of coefficients in the Ramberg-Osgood formula 169
9.6 Annex F – behaviour of cross-sections beyond the elastic limit 170
9.7 Annex G – rotation capacity 170
Example 9.3: shape factors and rotation capacity 171
9.8 Annex H – plastic hinge method for continuous beams 172
Example 9.4: bending moment resistance if the plastic hinge method is used 173
9.9 Annex I – lateral torsional buckling of beams and torsional or
torsional flexural buckling of compression members 173
9.10 Annex J – properties of cross-sections 173
Example 9.5: lateral torsional buckling of an asymmetric beam with a
stiffened flange 173
9.11 Annex K – shear lag effects in member design 177
9.12 Annex L – classification of joints 177
9.13 Annex M – adhesive-bonded connections 179
References 179
Chapter 10 Cold-formed structural sheeting 181
10.1 Introduction 181
10.2 Material properties, thickness, tolerances and durability 181
10.3 Rounded corners and the calculation of geometric properties 182
10.4 Local buckling 182
10.5 Bending moment 183
Example 10.1: the bending moment resistance of trapezoidal sheeting with
a stiffened flange 188
10.6 Support reaction 192
10.7 Combined bending moment and support reaction 193
10.8 Flange curling 193
10.9 Other items in EN 1999-1-4 194
10.10 Durability of fasteners 195
References 195
Index 197