Energy and Mobility in Smart Cities

Contents About the editors ix
About the contributors xi
Acknowledgements xv

Introduction 1

1 The smart future 3
William Nuttall, Alejandro Ibarra-Yunez,
Dariusz Trzmielak and David Gibson
1.1 Introduction: the smart city transition
in context 3
1.2 Security of the smart city 8
1.3 Utopias, dystopias and radical thinking 8
1.4 Looking for smart cities 10
1.5 The structure of the book 12
Acknowledgements 15
References 15

Part 1. Communities 17

2 Historic European cities and the smart future 19
William Nuttall
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Paris and London: common challenges
and diverse responses 20
2.3 New mobility and the implications for the
electricity system 23
2.4 The rise of autonomy 25
2.5 Aligning costs and benefits: a policy
challenge 26
2.6 Conclusions 28
Acknowledgements 28
References 28

3 Smart cities: locations for
environmental entrepreneurship 31
Stuart Parris
3.1 Introduction 31
3.2 Smart cities defined and their purpose 33
3.3 Smart cities as innovative centres 38
3.4 Smart cities as a location for environmental
entrepreneurship 42
3.5 Network approach to environmental]
entrepreneurship 52
3.6 Conclusion 54
References 55

4 Sustainable development and smart
communities: the Swedish experience 61
Sheridan Tatsuno
4.1 The climate challenge: designing
carbon-neutral cities under the Paris Accord 61
4.2 Sweden’s SD national strategy 62
4.3 Sweden’s sustainable cities 67
4.4 Healthy cities for healthy people 73
4.5 The future: resilient cities 73
4.6 Lessons from Swedish SD 75
References 78

Part 2. Mobility 81

5 Autonomous vehicles and the urban mobility
ecosystem 83
Stephen Potter, Alan-Miguel Valdez and
Matthew Cook
5.1 Introduction 83
5.2 The slow-burning urban transport crisis 83
5.3 Towards a new system model? 90
5.4 Themes and issues 94
References 96

6 Innovation in transport: intelligent transport
system developments 99
Dariusz M. Trzmielak and Remigiusz Kozlowski
6.1 Introduction 99
6.2 Developing innovation trends in the transport
sector 99
6.3 ITSs: characteristics and reasons for
implementation 105
6.4 Opportunities provided by the ITS in ?ód?
and further developments 109
6.5 Recommendations 110
References 111

Part 3: Energy 115

7 The effects of renewable energy policies in
electricity markets: global perspectives 117
Alejandro Ibarra-Yunez
7.1 Introduction 117
7.2 Overall framework for analysis 119
7.3 Growth trends in renewable energies 120
7.4 A model for government regulatory quality
and penetration of renewables 127
7.5 Dynamics of renewable output, “ge” and
“rq” : a robustness check for interaction terms 133
7.6 Conclusions and implications for policy 135
Acknowledgements 136
References 136

8 Future of community energy systems:
lessons from agent-based modelling 139
J Richard Snape and Peter J Boait
8.1 Introduction 139
8.2 Community energy overview 141
8.3 Agent-based modelling 143
8.4 Case studies 145
8.5 Discussion 158
8.6 Conclusion 160
References 162

Part 4. Governance 165

9 Measurement and evaluation of smart city
outcomes for smarter governance 167
Sally P Caird
9.1 Introduction 167
9.2 A review 167
9.3 The SmartDframe study: smart city
case studies 173
9.4 Summary and conclusions 181
Acknowledgements 183
References 183

10 Energy companies in transition:
seeking legitimacy of legitimation? 187
Tahrir Jaber and Elin M Oftedal
10.1 Introduction 187
10.2 Context: sustainability and legitimacy 189
10.3 Research method 191
10.4 Findings 194
10.5 Discussion and implications 201
10.6 Conclusion 203
Acknowledgements 203
References 204

11 The crucial role of citizen involvement in
smart city development and operation 211
Richard Bull, Ken Dooley and Muhammad Mazhar
11.1 Introduction 211
11.2 Smart cities – an evolving concept 212
11.3 The deliberative turn 218
11.4 Examples of innovative smart city engagement 220
11.5 Discussion 224
11.6 Conclusion 225
References 226

Conclusion 229

12 Conclusions 231
Alejandro Ibarra-Yunez, William Nuttall,
David Gibson and Dariusz Trzmielak
12.1 Smart cities in a stressed world 231
12.2 The developing world 232
12.3 Origins of the smart city 232
12.4 Smart city dynamics 233
12.5 People 234
12.6 To close 235
References 235

Index 237