Intelligent Buildings Design, management and operation

Contents Foreword (Dr Baoxing Qiu) xi
Preface to the first edition xiii
Preface to the second edition xix
Part 1 People-centred sustainable design
1 Sustainable healthy intelligent buildings for people 1
D.J Clements-Croome
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Terminology 3
1.3 Integration: buildings, systems and people 4
1.4 People: environmental sensory design 7
1.5 Products and systems 9
1.6 Processes 13
1.7 Innovations 16
1.8 Tenets for planning design and management of
intelligent buildings 16
1.9 The future 18
References 20
Further reading 24
2 Lessons from Nature for sustainable architecture 25
D.J Clements-Croome
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Patterns in nature 27
2.3 Fractal geometry and architecture 29
2.4 Behaviour studies 30
2.5 Biophilia 30
2.6 Architecture inspired by nature 31
2.7 Case studies 32
2.8 Conclusions 35
Glossary 36
References 40
3 Environmental health and well-being in buildings 43
D.J Clements-Croome
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Environmental factors 45
3.3 The nature of productivity 48
3.4 Measurement of productivity 50
3.5 Sick building syndrome 50
3.6 Well-being 51
3.7 Well-being and productivity 54
3.8 Conclusions 56
References 57
4 Environmental sensory design 61
M.L Lehman
4.1 Architecture as an extension of occupants 61
4.2 The core of the sensory design method: narrative 63
4.3 Non-linear relationships between environmental design
and perception 65
4.4 Strengthening the relationship between sensory
modalities in architectural design 67
4.5 Incorporating sensory design into the designer’s process 68
References 69
Part 11 Intelligent, smart and digital approaches
5 Intelligent environments 71
V. Callaghan
5.1 Intelligent environments 71
5.2 Facets of intelligence 71
5.3 The changing nature of building appliances 72
5.4 The intelligence continuum 73
5.5 A simple embedded-agent architecture 74
5.6 End-user programming 78
5.7 Adjustable autonomy agents 79
5.8 Intelligent environments and people 80
5.9 Case study: the Essex iSpace 81
5.10 Summary 84
Acknowledgements 85
References 85
6 Designing intelligent buildings for people’s well-being
using an artificial intelligence approach 89
C.Oancea and S.Caluianu
6.1 Introduction 89
6.2 Artificial intelligence 92
6.3 Conclusions 103
References 104
Further reading 105
7 Wireless sensors for monitoring people and their close
environment 107
T. Keeling, D.J Clements-Croome, R. Luck and P. Pointer
7.1 Introduction 107
7.2 Key variables for sensor evaluation 109
7.3 Devices off the body 110
7.4 Devices worn on the body 111
7.5 Conclusions 114
Acknowledgements 116
References 116
8 Designing intelligent pervasive spaces for living and
working 119
K.Liu and S. Gulliver
8.1 Pervasive informatics 119
8.2 Computation and artificial intelligence technologies 120
8.3 The notion of intelligent space 121
8.4 Theories and techniques relevant to pervasive informatics 122
8.5 Design and implementation: semiotics for requirements
engineering 124
8.6 Case study: smart network technologies for smart
buildings 128
8.7 Conclusion 131
References 131
9 Intelligent energy saving in the home: a user centred
design perspective 133
V. Haines and V. Mitchell
9.1 What makes an intelligent home? 133
9.2 Key human factors issues 135
9.3 The complexity of the home environment 137
9.4 A user-centred design approach to the intelligent home
of the future 138
9.5 The future 140
References 140
Part 111 Management and operation processes
10 Procurement and management of integrated projects 143
M. Davis
10.1 Introduction 143
10.2 The industry’s attempts to improve performance over
the last decade 144
10.3 The barriers that have continued to block radical change 145
10.4 The era for change 147
10.5 Procurement of integrated teams 148
10.6 Management of integrated teams 150
10.7 The role of the law 153
10.8 The challenge for the future and the role of academia 153
References 154
11 Building and virtual information modelling in
intelligent buildings 157
T. Dwyer, J Kimpian and L.C.M Tang
11.1 The evolution towards integrating building information
modelling into the construction process 157
11.2 The revolution of modelling tools to move from design
concept to operational reality 160
11.3 Moving BIM forward as part of a more effective
collaborative construction process 163
References 165
12 Design management 167
S. Al-Bizri and C. Gray
12.1 Introduction 167
12.2 The design process 168
12.3 Systems view of the design process 173
12.4 Design process mapping 176
12.5 Planning the design process 180
12.6 Design team formation/design team integration 193
References 195
13 Intelligent and sustainable facilities management 197
A. Elmualim
13.1 Introduction 197
13.2 Sustainable FM 199
13.3 Intelligent buildings and FM informatics 203
13.4 Intelligent post-occupancy evaluation system (iPOEs) 206
13.5 Conclusions 209
References 209
Further reading 212
Part IV Case Studies
14 The changing culture of living and working: physical
and virtual modalities 215
Z. Strelitz
14.1 Technology and distributed settings 215
14.2 More tech versus low tech 216
14.3 Collective needs: environmental sustainability 216
14.4 Scope 216
14.5 Optimising design for rapid social change:
determining building intelligence 216
14.6 Techno and cultural change: disjunctions of
overspecificity 217
14.7 Change in work, change in the workplace 218
14.8 Individualism and organisational reshaping 218
14.9 Building correlates 219
14.10 Remote, itinerant and interactive work 219
14.11 Internal space budgets 219
14.12 Supporting and measuring new space strategies:
intelligent responses 220
14.13 Work-life integration 221
14.14 Multi-use space 221
14.15 What makes for appealing space and durable design? 221
14.16 Effective design and productivity 222
14.17 Cost and value 222
14.18 Building life cycles 223
14.19 The fit-out as the arena to accommodate short-term
cultural change 223
14.20 Special potential of the envelope 224
14.21 User input to project briefs 224
14.22 Post-occupancy evaluation 224
14.23 Unraveling multiple impacts 225
14.24 Technology, culture, design 225
References 226
15 Gardens by the Bay, Singapore: intelligent building
through design integration and optimisation 229
P.Bellew and M. Davey
15.1 Introduction 229
15.2 The master plan 231
15.3 Climate 233
15.4 Brief 233
15.5 Biome integrated design 235
15.6 Active system design 238
15.7 Fresh air conditioning using desiccants 239
15.8 Energy generation and the energy centre 240
15.9 Supertrees design 241
15.10 Conclusion 242
Acknowledgements 242
Further reading 243
16 Sky Studios, Hounslow, UK, and the internet of things 245
M. Beaven and D. Wilson
16.1 Sky Studios 245
Box 16.1 Sky Studios – key facts 246
16.2 The internet of things 262
16.3 Conclusion 269
References 270
17 8 Storey’s Gate, London, UK – retrofitting intelligent
design and systems in a Grade II listed building 271
J. Godefroy and S. Burr
17.1 Introduction 271
17.2 Creating a comfortable and stimulating environment 271
17.3 Comfortable conditions through low-carbon solutions 275
17.4 Further environmental measures 279
17.5 User engagement and feedback 279
Box 17.1 Programme data 280
Box 17.2 Energy and carbon data 280
Credits 281
Appendix 281
Part V Futures
18 Intelligent, sustainable, liveable cities 283
H. AlWaer and D.J Clements-Croome
18.1 The cities landscape 283
18.2 Sustainable liveable cities 285
18.3 Intelligent cities 288
18.4 Cities as systems 291
18.5 Design of cities as integral systems 291
18.6 Planning intelligent sustainable liveable cities 293
18.7 Collaborative governance of cities 298
18.8 Lessons for an urbanising world 299
18.9 Recommendations 300
Acknowledgements 300
References 301
19 Opportunities and challenges for intelligent buildings 305
N. Pennell
19.1 Introduction 305
19.2 Intelligent buildings defined 306
19.3 Drivers for integrated intelligent buildings 306
19.4 Creating value 307
19.5 Meeting the client’s brief for a smart building 307
19.6 A client’s journey to an integrated intelligent building
solution 308
19.7 Value enhancement and non-rental income
opportunities 310
19.8 Sustainable buildings 311
19.9 Barriers and how to overcome them 311
19.10 The future of intelligent buildings 312
20 Innovative futures 313
H. AlWaer, F. Beltrán, D.J Clements-Croome and D. Melo
20.1 Introduction 313
20.2 What is innovation? 314
20.3 Understanding the history of innovation 316
20.4 What should we expect from innovation? 319
20.5 Targets, ideas and trends 319
20.6 Sustainability 322
20.7 Technology, information and global communications 322
20.8 Nano- and biotechnology 324
20.9 Biomimetics 324
20.10 Innovation around the world 324
20.11 Innovative futures for sustainable intelligent
buildings and cities 324
20.12 Conclusions 328
20.13 The future 328
References 330
Further reading 332
Index 333