SAICE

Operational Safety of Dams and Reservoirs – Understanding the reliability of flow-control systems

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Product Code: TD/TTP/OSDR
Operational Safety of Dams and Reservoirs brings together a broad range of knowledge from key areas in dam and reservoir safety, spillways and flow control to provide new analytical tools to better understand operating risk in hydropower and dam safety. This book is an essential reference for all professionals and practitioners who specialise in dams, major reservoir owners, inspecting and supervising engineers, and suppliers of plant and equipment. Operational Safety of Dams and Reservoirs: • includes international real-life case studies such as the Elko Dam incident, Canada, Taum Sauk Dam failure, USA, Tous Dam failure, Spain, and the impact of the Three Gorges Dam, China • outlines a new approach to assessing spillway systems reliability based on stochastic simulation of operations • examines spillways, SCADA and control, outflow conveyance and energy dissipation • establishes a new approach for analysing and assessing the properties of dam systems in a more holistic way based on understanding of operational factors. With contributions from across the industry and a wide range of case studies, Operational Safety of Dams and Reservoirs outlines a solution for next-generation risk analysis, addresses the inputs and constraints to reservoir operations, as well as considering hydrologic inflows, downstream outflow requirements and external disturbances that may affect operations. Coupled with providing up-to-date information in managing the safe discharge of inflows and the control of water retention for productive uses, this book establishes a new approach for analysing and assessing the properties of dam systems in a more holistic way.

Additional information

Weight 3000 g
Author

Desmond N.D. Hartford, Gregory B. Baecher, P. Andy Zielinski, Robert C. Patev, Romanas Ascila and Karl Rytters
Publisher

ICE Publishing
ISBN Number

978-0-7277-6121-7
Year

2016

Contents Acknowledgements ix
About the authors xi
Foreword xiii
Preface xvii
Part 1. Dam systems and modelling 1
1 Flow control failures in dam safety 3
1.1 Operational safety 3
1.2 Operational incidents and failures 4
1.3 Contemporary dam safety risk analysis 13
1.4 Flow control 17
1.5 Dams as engineered systems 21
1.6 The need for a new approach 21
1.7 The organisation of this book 24
References 24
2 Management, control and operations 27
2.1 System operation 27
2.2 Operational objectives 32
2.3 Operational strategies 36
2.4 Qualitative modelling of dam safety management activities 40
2.5 Stable and unstable system states 42
References 46
3 Systems and systems engineering 47
3.1 Objectives of the systems approach 47
3.2 Dam safety from a systems perspective 49
3.3 Systems models 51
3.4 General systems engineering process 61
3.5 Example of system operational arrangements 62
3.6 Operational arrangements and instructions under fault conditions 69
3.7 Dam safety in relation to systems 71
3.8 Summary 73
References 73
4 Modelling dam and reservoir systems 75
4.1 Performance and reliability of dam systems 75
4.2 Beyond current risk analysis 79
4.3 Modelling approach 83
4.4 Modelling framework 84
4.5 Functional considerations 96
4.6 Tracking system states 97
4.7 Component reliability 99
4.8 Interpreting the results of simulation models 102
References 103
Part 11. Inputs and constraints 105
5 Hydrological modelling and river flow routing 107
5.1 River systems modelling 107
5.2 Hydrological modelling 113
5.3 Example of the Madawaska River watershed 124
5.4 Time-series modelling of reservoir inflow 130
5.5 Streamflow routing model 138
5.6 Uncertainty in watershed and streamflow modelling 143
References 154
6 Reservoir and outflow control 161
6.1 Operating concepts 161
6.2 Role of simulation and optimisation in system operation 168
6.3 Decision-support systems in operation 169
References 171
7 Disturbances 173
7.1 Disturbances defined 173
7.2 Probabilistic model of disturbances 176
7.3 Seismic hazard 183
7.4 Floating debris 187
7.5 Ice and icing effects on flow control 195
7.6 Interference with discharge function 203
7.7 Landslides 207
7.8 Forest fires 210
7.9 Tornadoes 211
7.10 Miscellaneous disturbances 212
References 215
Part 111. Engineered systems of flow control 221
8 Release function and human factors 223
8.1 Gate systems 223
8.2 Spilway accidents 224
8.3 Gated spillways 231
8.4 Fault-tree analysis 235
8.5 Human reliability analysis for spillway systems 241
References 249
9 Discharge conveyance function 251
9.1 The conveyance process 253
9.2 Conveyance failure process 255
9.3 Hydraulic analysis 263
9.4 Flow in closed conduits 278
9.5 Energy dissipation 284
9.6 Hydraulic system simulation 289
References 299
Part IV. Modelling dam and reservoir systems 303
10 Simulating flow control operations 305
10.1 System simulation of hydropower operations 305
10.2 Stochastic simulation 308
10.3 Systems model of the Mattagami River 314
10.4 Systems dynamics 338
10.5 Systems model of the Göta River 341
10.6 Verification, validation and accreditation 351
References 355
11 Postscript 357
11.1 Development of risk analysis in dam safety 357
11.2 Effectiveness of current risk-analysis approaches to dam safety 358
11.3 The next generation of risk analysis of dam safety 359
11.4 The goal of this book 359
11.5 Summary 360
References 360
Appendix Weibull data for gate components 361
References 366
Index 367