People and Organizational Management in Construction 2nd Edition available May 2011

Contents Preface xi
About the author xii
Acknowledgements xiii
1 Introduction 1
The meaning of organization 1
Aim and learning objectives of the book 3
Need for the book 3
Approach to the book 4
The plan of the book 4
2 Evolution of organization and management theory 9
Learning objectives 9
The meaning of management 9
Evolution of management theory 10
Classical theory (1850s-1930s) 11
Human relations theory 14
System theory 15
Contingency theory 19
The concept of models 20
Summary and conclusion 21
References 22
3 The environment and organizational strategy 23
Learning outcomes 23
Definition of the external environment 23
Characteristic of the external environment 24
Forces of the external environment on organizations 26
Strategic response to the environment 28
The concept of strategy 28
Strategic management 31
Types of strategy 32
Advantages of a planned business strategy 33
The business strategy process 34
Summary and conclusion 47
Case study 1. A medium-sized regional contractor (part of
a larger construction group) 48
Case study 2. A progressive quantity surveying practice 50
Questions 52
References 52
4 Organizational structure 55
Learning outcomes 55
The meaning of organizational structure 55
Topics associated with organizational structure 58
Types of organizational structure 66
Factors influencing the choice of organizational structure 72
Configurations of the organization 83
The relationship between organizational structure and
performance 84
Summary 89
Case study. The growing pains of Harvey (Engineers) Ltd 89
Questions 98
References 98
5 Work groups 101
Learning objectives 101
The purpose of groups 104
Bases for grouping 105
Interdependence and communication networks 105
Factors affecting group cohesiveness and effectiveness 107
Team building 119
Group conflict 122
Summary and conclusion 125
Case study. Chelston plc 126
Questions 129
References 129
6 Organizational culture 131
Learning objectives 131
The concept of culture 131
The Harrison/Handy culture types 134
Characteristics of culture 137
The best fit 137
Factors that contribute to a change of organizational
culture 139
Strong and weak cultures 145
Culture and company performance 146
Summary 149
Questions 150
References 150
7 Leadership 151
Learning objectives 151
The nature of leadership 152
Leadership versus management 153
Leadership theories 154
Empirical research into leadership traits and site managers 156
Functional approach 157
Style theories (also known as the behavioural approach) 159
Empirical research into leadership styles and site managers 163
Contingency theories (also known as the situational
approach) 165
Empirical research into contingency theory and site
managers 170
Proposed conceptual model of leadership effectiveness in
organizations 177
Summary 185
Case study. A change of project managers 185
Questions 187
References 187
8 Motivation and job satisfaction 191
Learning objectives 191
The meaning of motivation 191
Content theories of motivation 193
Process theories of motivation 200
Factors influencing employees’ motivation within an
organization 203
Productivity model of a construction site 212
A productivity survey 215
Summary and conclusions 217
Questions 218
References 219
9 Personnel management 221
Learning objectives 221
The meaning of personnel management 221
The personnel function 224
Manpower (human resource) planning 224
Recruitment 227
Staff appraisal 229
Staff training 232
Management development 233
Investors in People (IIP) initiative 234
Health and safety 234
Summary 236
Case study. Investors in People at Shepherd Construction 236
References 242
Appendices Appendix 1 – Suggested answers to questions related to
Chapter 3 245
Appendix 2 – Suggested answers to questions related to
Chapter 4 251
Appendix 3 – Suggested answers to questions related to
Chapter 5 265
Appendix 4 – Suggested answers to questions related to
Chapter 6 269
Appendix 5 – Suggested answers to questions related to
Chapter 7 277
Appendix 6 – Suggested answers to question related to
Chapter 8 285
Index 293