Underground Spaces Unveiled: Planning and creating the cities of the future

Table of contents
Foreword by Dominique Perrault vii
Foreword by Dr Joan Clos ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
About the authors xv
Chapter 1 The subsurface as the final urban frontier
1.1 introduction 01
1.2 The city we need 02
1.3 A modern-day struggle 04
1.4 A new approach – spatial dialogue and beyond 13
1.5 This chapter’s core ideas 18
References 20
Chapter 2 Achieving harmony between humanity and nature – urban underground sustainability
2.1 Harmony between humanity and nature 23
2.2 Human interventions below the surface 24
2.3 Subsurface ecosystem services 27
2.4 An ecological approach 30
2.5 Towards a model for determining sustainable underground development 35
2.6 The chapter’s core ideas 39
References 40
Chapter 3 From yaodong to the third dimension – historical approaches to underground urbanism
3.1 The yaodong – natural subsurface habitats 43
3.2 The 19th century – revolutionary engineering and unrivalled optimism 46
3.3 The 20th century – underground urbanism 49
3.4 This chapter’s core ideas 56
References 57
Chapter 4 Spatial design – creating a new urban tissue
4.1 Beyond the urban service layer 59
4.2 From the yaodong via contemporary to future designs 63
4.3 Privately owned public open underground spaces 70
4.4 Urban underground corridors 74
4.5 This chapter’s core ideas 81
References 82
Chapter 5 Policy building and urban planning
5.1 Policy building 85
5.2 Planning methodology for the underground 96
5.3 Underground urban planning cases 104
5.4 The need for data 108
5.5 Urban systems integration 110
5.6 This chapter’s core ideas 110
References 111
Chapter 6 Future cities – resilient cities
6.1 Resilience as a concept 115
6.2 The threatening subsurface 117
6.3 Challenges for urban areas 118
6.4 Meeting the challenges using underground space 120
6.5 This chapter’s core ideas 125
References 126
Chapter 7 Building for people – valued underground spaces
7.1 Loveable spaces 129
7.2 Comfortable spaces 135
7.3 Sae and secure spaces 142
7.4 This chapter’s core ideas 148
References 148
Chapter 8 Governance and legal challenges of underground space use
8.1 Oversight and insight 151
8.2 Land ownership 152
8.3 Easement and right-of-way compensation 156
8.4 The principle of tort 157
8.5 Building codes 159
8.6 Environmental control 163
8.7 Managing the subsurface 164
8.8 This chapter’s core ideas 167
References 168
Chapter 9 Investing in underground space is all about value capture
9.1 The cost conundrum 171
9.2 Creating societal value 172
9.3 Capturing created value 177
9.4 Investing in underground space 182
9.5 Political will empowers 185
9.6 This chapter’s core ideas 188
References 189
Chapter 10 How disruption is creating new paradigms for an urban underground future 193
References 199
Index 201