Wireless Sensor Networks for Civil Infrastructure Monitoring – A best practice guide

Contents Preface xi
Acknowledgements xv
About the authors xvii
List of contributors xix
List of abbreviations xxi
1 Overview of wireless sensor network technology 1
1.1 Wireless sensor node 1
1.2 Wireless data sink 5
1.3 Wireless sensor network 5
References 6
2 Monitoring project requirements 7
2.1 Project life cycle 7
2.2 Stakeholder objectives and requirements for
monitoring 9
2.3 Requirements for data collection 10
2.4 Sampling rate 11
2.5 Data transmission rate: data throughput 11
2.6 Data synchronisation and delivery 12
2.7 Cost 13
2.8 Deployment environment 14
2.9 Distribution of monitoring 15
2.10 Duration of the deployment and power
requirements 15
2.11 Responses to monitoring: trigger levels and
alarms 16
2.12 Reliability and robustness 17
2.13 System maintenance 18
2.14 System interoperability 18
2.15 System security 19
2.16 Requirements for data management 19
2.17 Data presentation 20
2.18 Project risk management 21
References 21
3 Guidelines for monitoring system design 23
3.1 Personnel, resourcing and responsibilities 23
3.2 Design methodology 23
3.3 Monitoring system architecture 25
3.4 Selection of the sensor and signal
conditioning 25
3.5 Selection of the wireless sensor platform 28
3.6 Selection of the wireless transceiver 29
3.7 Selection of the data sink 30
3.8 Reliable transmission of data 31
3.9 Selection of the power source and power
management 32
3.10 Design of the network topology 33
3.11 Calibration 34
3.12 Hardware packaging 35
3.13 Embedded software and application design 36
3.14 Network simulation 37
3.15 Testbed experimentation 37
References 38
4 Guidelines for monitoring system installation 41
4.1 Preparation phase 41
4.2 Deployment phase 43
4.3 On-site testing and commissioning phases 47
References 48
5 Guidelines for monitoring system operation and
data management 49
5.1 Planning for system operation and
maintenance 49
5.2 Network diagnostics and maintenance 50
5.3 Battery maintenance 51
5.4 Data management 52
5.5 Data interpretation and review 53
5.6 Presentation of data to stakeholders 54
References 55
6 Monitoring project completion 57
6.1 Planning for monitoring system removal 57
6.2 Monitoring system removal 57
6.3 Final report and project review 58
6.4 Data archiving 58
References 59
7 Monitoring case studies 61
8 London Underground railway tunnel (UK) 65
8.1 Description 65
8.2 Solution 66
8.3 Monitoring results 69
References 69
9 Humber Bridge (UK) 71
9.1 Description 71
9.2 Solution 72
9.3 Monitoring results 75
References 75
10 Ferriby Road Bridge (UK) 77
10.1 Description 77
10.2 Solution 77
10.3 Monitoring results 80
References 80
11 2nd Jindo Bridge (South Korea) 81
11.1 Description 81
11.2 Solution 82
11.3 Monitoring results 84
Acknowledgements 88
References 88
12 Mahomet Bridge (USA) 89
12.1 Description 89
12.2 Solution 90
12.3 Monitoring results 91
Acknowledgements 94
References 95
13 Little Calumet River Bridge (USA) 97
13.1 Description 97
13.2 Solution 98
13.3 Monitoring results 99
Acknowledgements 106
References 106
14 Rock Island Arsenal Government Bridge (USA) 107
14.1 Description 107
14.2 Solution 108
14.3 Monitoring results 109
References 113
15 Ainonai pedestrian overpass (Japan) 115
15.1 Description 115
15.2 Solution 116
15.3 Monitoring results 119
References 119
16 West Bridge of Jinzhou (China) 121
16.1 Description 121
16.2 Solution 122
16.3 Monitoring results 123
References 124
17 New Carquinez suspension bridge (USA) 125
17.1 Description 125
17.2 Solution 126
17.3 Monitoring results 129
References 130
18 Telegraph Road Bridge (USA) 131
18.1 Description 131
18.2 Solution 132
18.3 Monitoring results 135
References 136
19 Full-scale, two-bay, two-storey, concrete frame
structure (USA) 137
19.1 Description 137
19.2 Solution 138
19.3 Monitoring results 139
References 141
20 Basilica Santa Maria di Collemaggio (Italy) 143
20.1 Description 143
20.2 Solution 144
20.3 Monitoring results 146
Acknowledgements 151
References 152
21 Temporary earth restraining structure
(Singapore) 153
21.1 Description 153
21.2 Solution 154
21.3 Monitoring results 156
Acknowledgements 160
References 160
22 Tottenham Court Road station (UK) 161
22.1 Description 161
22.2 Solution 161
22.3 Monitoring results 163
References 164
23 Safety-critical railway earthworks monitoring
(UK) 165
23.1 Description 165
23.2 Solution 166
23.3 Monitoring results 167
References 167
24 Track-bed monitoring at Crossrail (UK) 169
24.1 Description 169
24.2 Solution 169
24.3 Monitoring results 170
References 171
25 London Underground tunnel lining replacement
monitoring (UK) 173
25.1 Description 173
25.2 Solution 175
25.3 Monitoring results 175
References 175
26 Rock towers at the Felsenbühne Rathen
(Germany) 177
26.1 Description 177
26.2 Solution 178
26.3 Monitoring results 183
References 185
27 Conclusion 187
Appendix 1 Glossary 189
Appendix 2 Challenges to be addressed during monitoring
system design and installation 197
Index 203